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Understanding these motivations reveals why the wait mechanism is designed as it is. **Problem 1: Zombie Prevention** A **zombie process** (also called a defunct process) is a terminated child that has not yet been reaped by its parent. The child has finished execution—its code, data, and stack have been deallocated—but its PCB entry remains in the kernel's process table. Why does this matter? - **Process Table Exhaustion**: Each zombie consumes a slot in the system's process table. On systems with a fixed-size process table (common historically, less common now), zombies directly limit new process creation - **PID Exhaustion**: Each zombie holds a PID. Since PIDs are finite (typically 32,768 or 4,194,304 maximum), massive zombie accumulation can exhaust available PIDs - **Accounting Pollution**: Zombies appear in `ps` output, creating confusion about system state - **Resource Leakage Signal**: Zombies often indicate programming errors that may accompany other resource leaks72:T545,#include #include #include #include /** * Demonstration: Creating a zombie process * * This program intentionally creates a zombie by having the parent * sleep without calling wait(). The child terminates but cannot be * fully cleaned up until the parent either waits or exits. */ int main() { pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { perror("fork failed"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (pid == 0) { // Child process: exits immediately printf("Child (PID %d): Terminating now ", getpid()); exit(42); // Exit with status 42 } // Parent process: sleeps without calling wait() printf("Parent (PID %d): Child PID is %d ", getpid(), pid); printf("Parent: Sleeping for 60 seconds without wait()... "); printf("Parent: Run 'ps aux | grep defunct' to see the zombie "); sleep(60); // During this time, child is a zombie // If we exit without wait(), init will reap the zombie printf("Parent: Exiting (init will reap the zombie) "); return 0; } /* * Expected Output (run in separate terminal while parent sleeps): * $ ps aux | grep defunct * user 12345 0.0 0.0 0 0 pts/0 Z+ 10:00 0:00 [zombie_demo] * * The 'Z' state and '' label indicate a zombie process. */73:T443,**Problem 3: Execution Ordering** Many algorithms require sequential execution of processes. Consider a pipeline: ``` process_file | compress | encrypt | upload ``` Although all four processes run concurrently for throughput, the shell often needs to: 1. Detect when each stage terminates 2. Determine if any stage failed (to abort the pipeline) 3. Report the final status to the user Without waiting, the shell cannot reliably determine when the pipeline completes or whether it succeeded. **Problem 4: Resource Reclamation Assurance** When `wait()` returns, the parent has a guarantee: the child's resources have been fully reclaimed. This is important for: - **File Locks**: If the child held locks, they are now released - **Temporary Files**: If the child was supposed to produce output files, they should now be complete - **Port Bindings**: Network ports the child listened on are now free - **Shared Memory**: If the child attached shared memory segments, it has detached The completion of `wait()` is thus a synchronization barrier marking the child's complete termination.74:T53d,What actually happens when a parent calls `wait()`? Understanding the mechanics reveals several interacting kernel subsystems working together: **Step 1: System Call Invocation** The parent invokes `wait()` (or `waitpid()` for more control). This triggers a transition from user mode to kernel mode, where the kernel's process management code takes over. **Step 2: Child Status Check** The kernel searches for a terminated child of the calling process: - If a terminated child exists (**zombie**), proceed immediately to step 4 - If children exist but none have terminated, proceed to step 3 - If no children exist at all, return immediately with an error (`ECHILD`) **Step 3: Blocking (if necessary)** If the parent must wait for a child to terminate, the kernel: 1. Marks the parent as **blocked waiting for child** 2. Removes the parent from the CPU's run queue 3. Records that the parent should wake when any child terminates 4. Triggers a context switch to run another process 5. When a child terminates, the kernel wakes the parent **Step 4: Status Extraction and Cleanup** Once a terminated child is found: 1. Extract the exit status from the child's PCB 2. Copy status information to the parent's provided buffer 3. Deallocate the child's PCB entry 4. Free the child's PID for reuse 5. Return the child's PID to the parent75:T42c,**The Blocking Semantics:** By default, `wait()` is a **blocking** call. This means: - The parent process is suspended (will not execute) - The parent consumes no CPU time while waiting - The kernel efficiently manages the wait using data structures - The parent automatically resumes when any child terminates This blocking behavior is correct for many use cases (shells waiting for foreground commands), but problematic for others (servers that must remain responsive). The `waitpid()` call, covered later, provides non-blocking options. **Relationship to SIGCHLD:** The kernel sends a `SIGCHLD` signal to the parent whenever a child terminates. This signal and `wait()` work together: - `SIGCHLD` **notifies** the parent that a child state change occurred - `wait()` **retrieves** the termination status and reaps the zombie A parent can ignore `SIGCHLD` and call `wait()` reactively, or it can set up a signal handler for `SIGCHLD` that calls `wait()` immediately upon notification. Both approaches are valid, with different tradeoffs for program structure.76:T638,The `wait()` mechanism enables several fundamental synchronization patterns. Understanding these patterns helps you design robust concurrent programs. **Pattern 1: Sequential Child Execution** The parent creates one child, waits for it to complete, then creates the next: ```c for (int i = 0; i < num_tasks; i++) { pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid == 0) { execute_task(i); exit(0); } wait(NULL); // Wait for this child before starting next } ``` This pattern sacrifices parallelism for simplicity and determinism. Each task completes before the next begins. **Pattern 2: Parallel Execution with Barrier** The parent creates multiple children concurrently, then waits for all to complete: ```c for (int i = 0; i < num_tasks; i++) { pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid == 0) { execute_task(i); exit(0); } // Don't wait here—continue forking } // Barrier: wait for all children while (wait(NULL) > 0); // Returns -1 when no more children ``` This pattern maximizes parallelism while ensuring the parent doesn't proceed until all children finish. **Pattern 3: Fire and Forget (Daemonization)** The parent creates a child and intentionally doesn't wait: ```c pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid == 0) { // Child becomes long-running daemon daemon_main(); exit(0); } // Parent continues immediately // Child will be adopted by init when parent exits ``` This pattern is used for daemon processes. The parent deliberately avoids waiting because the child is meant to outlive it. Setting `SIGCHLD` to `SIG_IGN` prevents zombies.77:T579,**Why Can't Processes Just Disappear?** A natural question arises: why does the kernel maintain zombies at all? Why not simply deallocate everything when a process calls `exit()`? The answer involves **information preservation** and **asynchronous notification**: 1. **Exit status must be preserved**: The parent may not be ready to receive the status when the child exits 2. **Parents don't poll**: Without zombies, parents would need to constantly check if children are alive 3. **Multiple children**: Parents may have many children and cannot predict termination order 4. **Historical design**: Unix was designed when explicit synchronization was preferred over implicit garbage collection The zombie mechanism is actually quite minimal—a zombie uses only a few hundred bytes of kernel memory (just the PCB summary data). The real problem isn't individual zombies but **zombie accumulation** from programming errors. **Real-World Analogy:** Consider a bakery with pickup orders: - Customers (children) place orders (start working) - Baker (child process) completes the order (finishes execution) - Completed orders go to the pickup shelf (zombie state) - Customer must pick up the order (parent calls `wait()`) - Only after pickup can the shelf space be reused (PCB deallocated) If customers never pick up orders, the shelf overflows. Similarly, if parents never wait, zombies accumulate.78:T57b,Understanding the theory behind waiting enables us to identify practical scenarios where proper wait handling is critical: **Scenario 1: The Shell** Every shell you use (`bash`, `zsh`, `fish`) implements wait semantics: ```bash $ sleep 5 & # Fork, don't wait [1] 12345 $ ls # Fork, wait for completion file1 file2 $ fg # Bring background job to foreground, then wait ``` The shell tracks background jobs and waits for them when they're brought to the foreground or when the shell exits. Interactive shells handle `SIGCHLD` to update job status displays. **Scenario 2: Process Supervisors** `systemd`, `supervisord`, and Docker run containers or services as child processes. They must: 1. Wait for the child to detect crashes 2. Collect exit codes for logging and restart decisions 3. Implement restart policies based on exit status 4. Handle multiple children concurrently Improper wait handling in a supervisor could leave services unmonitored or cause zombie accumulation. **Scenario 3: Build Systems** `make`, `ninja`, and similar tools run compilation steps as child processes: ```makefile target: dependency gcc -c source.c -o target.o ``` The build system must wait for each compiler invocation, check its exit status, and abort on failure. Parallel builds (`make -j8`) complicate this further, requiring robust tracking of multiple simultaneous children.79:T67d,#include #include #include #include #include /** * Proper fork-wait pattern with error handling * * This demonstrates the correct way to fork a child * and wait for its completion, with full error handling. */ int main() { pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { // Fork failed—this is a serious error perror("fork"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (pid == 0) { // Child process: do work and exit with meaningful status printf("Child: Performing work... "); sleep(2); printf("Child: Work complete, exiting with status 42 "); exit(42); // Exit status can be 0-255 } // Parent process: wait for child with full error handling int status; pid_t waited_pid; // Handle EINTR: wait() may be interrupted by signals do { waited_pid = waitpid(pid, &status, 0); } while (waited_pid < 0 && errno == EINTR); if (waited_pid < 0) { perror("waitpid"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // Verify we got the right child if (waited_pid != pid) { fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected PID: expected %d, got %d ", pid, waited_pid); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // Check how child terminated (covered in detail in next pages) if (WIFEXITED(status)) { int exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(status); printf("Parent: Child exited normally with status %d ", exit_code); } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) { int signal_num = WTERMSIG(status); printf("Parent: Child killed by signal %d ", signal_num); } return 0; }45:["$","$L70",null,{"owner":"anonymous","state":{"mutations":[],"queries":[{"dehydratedAt":1792287782378,"state":{"data":{"json":{"archivedAt":null,"id":"seed_37d2f8441071f52e9abfc18043cd1c3b","slug":"operating-systems","title":"Operating Systems","description":"Master Operating Systems from fundamentals to advanced concepts. 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Without proper waiting, systems accumulate zombie processes, leak resources, and lose critical information about child process outcomes.\n\nConsider a shell executing a command: the shell forks a child to run `ls -la`, but it cannot simply continue to the next prompt while `ls` is still running. It must *wait* for the child to complete, determine if it succeeded or failed, and only then present a new prompt. 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The parent becomes the owner of this child's lifecycle in ways that parallel real-world parenthood:\n\n1. **Existence Awareness**: The parent receives the child's PID and is the primary entity expected to track the child's existence\n2. **Termination Notification**: The kernel notifies the parent when the child terminates via the `SIGCHLD` signal\n3. **Resource Cleanup**: The parent must \"reap\" the child by calling `wait()` to release kernel resources\n4. **Status Collection**: The parent has exclusive first rights to collect the child's exit status"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"rows":[["Child Creation","Calls fork(), receives child PID","Allocates PCB, copies address space","None (creation always succeeds or fails atomically)"],["Child Monitoring","Tracks child PID, awaits SIGCHLD","Sends SIGCHLD on child termination","Parent may miss child completion"],["Status Collection","Calls wait()/waitpid()","Stores exit status until collected","Exit status lost, potential info leak"],["Resource Reaping","Collects child via wait()","Deallocates child's PCB","Zombie accumulation, resource exhaustion"]],"caption":"Parent-Child Relationship Responsibilities","headers":["Aspect","Parent's Role","Kernel's Role","Consequence of Neglect"]},"type":"table"},{"data":{"content":"**The Kernel's Bookkeeping:**\n\nThe kernel maintains crucial information about every process, stored in the **Process Control Block (PCB)**. When a child terminates, the kernel cannot immediately deallocate this structure—it must preserve certain information until the parent collects it:\n\n- **Exit Status**: The value passed to `exit()` or the return value from `main()`\n- **Termination Signal**: If the child was killed by a signal, which signal caused termination\n- **Resource Usage Statistics**: CPU time consumed, memory peak, I/O performed\n- **Process ID**: Remains reserved until the parent acknowledges termination\n\nThis information occupies a minimal but non-zero amount of kernel memory. The kernel holds this \"forwarding address\" until the parent picks up the final status—or until the parent itself dies, at which point `init` adopts and reaps the orphan."},"type":"text"},{"data":{"icon":"Lightbulb","title":"The Post Office Analogy","content":"Think of the kernel as a post office holding a registered letter (the exit status). The letter cannot be discarded until the addressee (parent) signs for it. If the parent never shows up, the letter sits in storage indefinitely. Eventually, if the addressee moves away (parent dies), the letter is forwarded to a guardian (init) who signs for all unclaimed mail.","variant":"tip"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":1},{"id":"why-parents-must-wait","title":"Why Parents Must Wait","content":[{"data":{"content":"$71"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"fileName":"zombie_creation.c","languages":[{"code":"$72","label":"C","value":"c"}],"showLineNumbers":true},"type":"code"},{"data":{"content":"**Problem 2: Exit Status Delivery**\n\nWhen a child process terminates, it may have critical information to communicate:\n\n- **Success or Failure**: Did the operation complete successfully? Exit code 0 traditionally indicates success\n- **Error Details**: What went wrong? Exit codes 1-255 can encode different error conditions\n- **Signal Information**: Was the process killed by a signal? Which one? Was a core dump generated?\n\nWithout `wait()`, this information is lost forever when the zombie is eventually reaped by `init`. For many applications, this data is essential:\n\n- **Build Systems**: Make, CMake, and compilers need to know if sub-processes succeeded\n- **Job Schedulers**: Cron, systemd, and batch systems report completion status\n- **Shell Scripts**: Pipelines and conditionals depend on exit codes\n- **Daemons**: Monitoring systems detect child crashes via termination signals"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"icon":"AlertCircle","title":"Lost Information Cannot Be Recovered","content":"Once a parent process terminates without calling wait(), the child's exit status is gone forever. Even if another process later queries the system, that status information no longer exists. The wait mechanism is the only reliable way to obtain how a child process ended.","variant":"warning"},"type":"callout"},{"data":{"content":"$73"},"type":"text"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":2},{"id":"mechanics-of-waiting","title":"The Mechanics of Waiting","content":[{"data":{"content":"$74"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"height":"450px","mermaidSyntax":"stateDiagram-v2\n [*] --> CallWait: Parent calls wait()\n CallWait --> CheckChildren: Enter kernel mode\n CheckChildren --> ZombieFound: Zombie child exists\n CheckChildren --> Block: Children exist, none terminated\n CheckChildren --> ErrorReturn: No children exist\n \n Block --> WaitState: Mark parent blocked\n WaitState --> Scheduled: Context switch\n Scheduled --> ChildTerminates: Child exits\n ChildTerminates --> ParentWakes: Kernel wakes parent\n ParentWakes --> ZombieFound: Continue wait()\n \n ZombieFound --> ExtractStatus: Read child's exit status\n ExtractStatus --> CleanupPCB: Deallocate child PCB\n CleanupPCB --> FreePID: Release child's PID\n FreePID --> ReturnPID: Return to user mode\n ReturnPID --> [*]: wait() returns\n \n ErrorReturn --> [*]: Return -1, errno=ECHILD"},"type":"mermaid-excalidraw"},{"data":{"content":"$75"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"icon":"Info","title":"Wait Does Not Terminate Children","content":"A common misconception is that wait() causes the child to terminate. In reality, wait() only synchronizes with a child that has already terminated. If the child is still running, wait() blocks until the child exits on its own. To actually terminate a child, the parent must send a signal (e.g., SIGTERM or SIGKILL) via kill().","variant":"note"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":3},{"id":"synchronization-patterns","title":"Parent-Child Synchronization Patterns","content":[{"data":{"content":"$76"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"left":[{"data":{"items":["Parent needs child's exit status","Tasks must execute in order","Parent must ensure child cleanup","Building pipelines (shell-like)","Test harnesses and build systems","Short-lived child processes"],"title":{"icon":"CheckCircle","text":"When to Wait Synchronously","type":"icon","color":"primary","variant":"outline-circle"},"variant":"accent"},"type":"list"}],"right":[{"data":{"items":["Server must handle concurrent requests","GUI must remain responsive","Multiple children running in parallel","Child is a long-running daemon","Event-driven architecture","Need to do work while children run"],"title":{"icon":"Zap","text":"When to Avoid Blocking Wait","type":"icon","color":"destructive","variant":"outline-circle"},"variant":"accent"},"type":"list"}]},"type":"two-column"},{"data":{"content":"**Pattern 4: Event-Driven Waiting**\n\nCombine `SIGCHLD` signals with non-blocking wait:\n\n```c\nvoid sigchld_handler(int sig) {\n pid_t pid;\n int status;\n while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0) {\n // Handle terminated child\n log_child_completion(pid, status);\n }\n}\n\nint main() {\n signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld_handler);\n \n // Create children as needed\n for (...) {\n fork_and_exec_task();\n }\n \n // Main event loop—remains responsive\n while (running) {\n handle_events();\n }\n}\n```\n\nThis pattern is used by servers and event-driven applications. The parent remains responsive while children terminate asynchronously. The signal handler reaps zombies as they occur."},"type":"text"},{"data":{"icon":"Lightbulb","title":"Always Reap What You Fork","content":"Every fork() should have a corresponding wait() somewhere—either a direct call, a signal handler, or SIG_IGN for SIGCHLD. This principle, 'reap what you fork,' prevents zombie accumulation and ensures proper process lifecycle management.","variant":"tip"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":4},{"id":"process-lifecycle-context","title":"Process Lifecycle and Wait's Role","content":[{"data":{"content":"To fully understand `wait()`, we must place it within the complete process lifecycle. A process transitions through several states, and `wait()` is the mechanism that enables the final transition:\n\n**Complete Process State Transitions:**\n\n1. **New (Created)**: `fork()` creates a new PCB and address space\n2. **Ready**: Process is placed in the ready queue, awaiting CPU time\n3. **Running**: Scheduler dispatches process to CPU\n4. **Waiting/Blocked**: Process waits for I/O or other events (may cycle many times)\n5. **Terminated (Zombie)**: Process has exited, awaiting parent's `wait()`\n6. **Fully Deallocated**: After `wait()`, PCB is freed, PID recycled\n\nThe zombie state is unique—the process has finished execution but isn't fully gone. It's a **bookkeeping state** where the kernel holds termination information for the parent."},"type":"text"},{"data":{"height":"300px","mermaidSyntax":"graph LR\n A[Created\nfork] --> B[Ready\nQueue]\n B --> C[Running\nCPU]\n C --> B\n C --> D[Blocked\nWaiting]\n D --> B\n C --> E[Terminated\nZombie State]\n E --> F[Deallocated\nwait by parent]\n \n style E fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px\n style F fill:#51cf66,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px"},"type":"mermaid-excalidraw"},{"data":{"content":"$77"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"icon":"AlertCircle","title":"Zombie Accumulation in Long-Running Services","content":"A web server that forks handler processes but fails to wait() will accumulate zombies indefinitely. After days or weeks, the system may exhaust process table slots or PIDs, causing fork() to fail for all processes system-wide. This is why proper wait() handling is critical for any daemon or server.","variant":"warning"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":5},{"id":"practical-implications","title":"Practical Implications","content":[{"data":{"content":"$78"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"items":["**Forgetting to wait entirely**: Parent forks but never waits, accumulating zombies over time","**Waiting in wrong order**: Waiting for specific PID when another child terminated first (causes hangs)","**Single wait for multiple children**: Calling wait() once but forking multiple children","**Ignoring wait return value**: Not checking if wait() failed or returned unexpected PID","**Race between fork and wait**: Child exits before parent calls wait (not a bug—handled correctly)","**Blocking wait in signal handler**: Can cause deadlocks or signal loss","**Not handling EINTR**: wait() can be interrupted by signals and must be retried"],"title":{"icon":"Target","text":"Common Wait-Related Bugs","type":"icon","color":"destructive","variant":"outline-circle"},"variant":"glass"},"type":"list"},{"data":{"fileName":"proper_fork_wait.c","languages":[{"code":"$79","label":"C","value":"c"}],"showLineNumbers":true},"type":"code"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":6},{"id":"summary","title":"Summary: The Foundation of wait()","content":[{"data":{"content":"This page has established the foundational concepts behind parent-child process synchronization:\n\n**Core Principles:**\n\n1. **Parents have obligations**: Creating a child via `fork()` obligates the parent to eventually collect the child via `wait()`\n\n2. **Zombies exist for a reason**: The zombie state preserves exit information until the parent collects it\n\n3. **Wait serves multiple purposes**: Zombie prevention, exit status collection, synchronization, and resource assurance\n\n4. **Different patterns for different needs**: Sequential, parallel barrier, fire-and-forget, and event-driven waiting all have valid use cases\n\n5. **The process lifecycle isn't complete without wait**: A process in zombie state is not truly finished until reaped"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"type":"ordered","items":["**Parent-child relationships carry responsibilities** — The parent that forks must (usually) wait","**Zombies are terminated-but-unreaped children** — They hold exit status in minimal kernel memory","**wait() blocks until a child terminates** — The default behavior is synchronous waiting","**Exit status preservation requires zombies** — No zombies would mean lost termination info","**Proper waiting prevents resource exhaustion** — Zombie accumulation can crash systems","**Multiple synchronization patterns exist** — Choose based on your application's needs"],"title":{"icon":"CheckCircle","text":"Key Takeaways","type":"icon","color":"primary","variant":"outline-circle"},"variant":"accent"},"type":"list"},{"data":{"content":"**What's Next:**\n\nNow that we understand *why* parents must wait for children and the conceptual role of waiting, we'll explore *how* to collect exit statuses in detail. The next page covers the exact information available when a child terminates, how to extract it, and what different exit scenarios mean for your programs."},"type":"text"},{"data":{"icon":"CheckCircle","title":"Page Complete","content":"You now understand the fundamental reasons for parent-child process synchronization in Unix-like systems. You know why zombies exist, why parents must wait, and the basic mechanics of the wait mechanism. Next, we'll dive into collecting and interpreting exit statuses.","variant":"success"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":7}],"isLocked":false},{"id":"seed_749566aa098933514cf7f10d31212232","title":"Collecting Exit Status","order":1,"content":null,"isLocked":true},{"id":"seed_af29589cb5bc60e41fbc6ca0fa39c8b4","title":"Blocking vs Non-blocking","order":2,"content":null,"isLocked":true},{"id":"seed_7fe8b0aa2c4b6bedf01e90476e631967","title":"Handling Multiple Children","order":3,"content":null,"isLocked":true},{"id":"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b","title":"Status Macros","order":4,"content":null,"isLocked":true}]}},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792287782371,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["learningContent","getModule"],{"input":{"slug":"wait-and-waitpid"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"learningContent\",\"getModule\"],{\"input\":{\"slug\":\"wait-and-waitpid\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792287782405,"state":{"data":{"json":null},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792287782373,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["learningContent","getProgress"],{"input":{"moduleId":"seed_7a546e9ac8dfc4e9e12a1f44ba461f01"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"learningContent\",\"getProgress\"],{\"input\":{\"moduleId\":\"seed_7a546e9ac8dfc4e9e12a1f44ba461f01\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792287782405,"state":{"data":{"json":null},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792287782373,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["feedback","get"],{"input":{"contentType":"LEARNING_PAGE","contentId":"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"feedback\",\"get\"],{\"input\":{\"contentId\":\"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b\",\"contentType\":\"LEARNING_PAGE\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792287782405,"state":{"data":{"json":null},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792287782373,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["feedback","getUserLike"],{"input":{"contentType":"LEARNING_PAGE","contentId":"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"feedback\",\"getUserLike\"],{\"input\":{\"contentId\":\"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b\",\"contentType\":\"LEARNING_PAGE\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792287782405,"state":{"data":{"json":[]},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792287782373,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["highlights","getHighlights"],{"input":{"contentType":"LEARNING_PAGE","contentId":"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"highlights\",\"getHighlights\"],{\"input\":{\"contentId\":\"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b\",\"contentType\":\"LEARNING_PAGE\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792287782405,"state":{"data":"$undefined","dataUpdateCount":0,"dataUpdatedAt":0,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"pending","fetchStatus":"fetching"},"queryKey":[["highlights","getPopularHighlights"],{"input":{"contentType":"LEARNING_PAGE","contentId":"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b","minCount":2},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"highlights\",\"getPopularHighlights\"],{\"input\":{\"contentId\":\"seed_8dd0c79ee21e80f703ad30cc51fee30b\",\"contentType\":\"LEARNING_PAGE\",\"minCount\":2},\"type\":\"query\"}]","promise":"$@7a"}]},"children":"$L7b"}]