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They occur in response to specific, well-defined events. These events can be organized into two fundamental categories based on whether the running process initiates the switch willingly: **Voluntary (Cooperative) Context Switches** - The running process explicitly relinquishes the CPU - Occurs when a process cannot proceed (waiting for I/O, sleeping, waiting for a lock) - The process *chooses* to give up control, even if indirectly through a system call - Also called "cooperative" because the process cooperates with the scheduler **Involuntary (Preemptive) Context Switches** - The kernel forcibly removes the CPU from the running process - Occurs due to time slice expiration, higher-priority process becoming ready, or interrupt handling - The process has no choice—it is *preempted* - Essential for ensuring fairness and preventing any single process from monopolizing the CPU This distinction is profound: it determines whether a process was cooperative in surrendering the CPU or whether the system had to intervene. Let's examine each category in exhaustive detail.73:T50e,The most fundamental trigger for involuntary context switches is the **timer interrupt**—a periodic hardware signal that forces the kernel to regain control from user-space processes. This mechanism is the foundation of preemptive multitasking. **How Timer Interrupts Work:** 1. **Hardware Timer Configuration**: During boot, the kernel programs a hardware timer (historically the Programmable Interval Timer or PIT; now typically the Local APIC Timer in modern x86 systems) to generate interrupts at a fixed frequency. 2. **Interrupt Generation**: At each tick, the timer hardware sends an interrupt signal to the CPU. This is an asynchronous, hardware-level event that cannot be ignored by user-space code. 3. **Kernel Invocation**: The CPU immediately stops executing the current instruction stream, saves minimal state to the stack, and jumps to the timer interrupt handler (via the Interrupt Descriptor Table on x86). 4. **Scheduler Invocation**: The timer interrupt handler updates system timekeeping, decrements the current process's remaining time slice, and checks whether preemption should occur. 5. **Context Switch Decision**: If the current process has exhausted its time slice, or if a higher-priority process has become runnable, the scheduler initiates a context switch.74:T658,/** * Simplified timer interrupt handler (Linux style) * * This handler is invoked HZ times per second (typically 100-1000). * It handles timekeeping, process accounting, and preemption. */ void timer_interrupt_handler(struct pt_regs *regs) { /* Update system time */ jiffies++; /* Global kernel tick counter */ update_wall_time(); /* Get current task */ struct task_struct *current = get_current(); /* Account CPU time to the current process */ account_process_tick(current, user_mode(regs)); /* Decrement time slice for the current process */ if (current->time_slice > 0) { current->time_slice--; } /* Check if preemption is needed */ if (current->time_slice == 0) { /* Time quantum exhausted - mark for reschedule */ set_tsk_need_resched(current); } /* Also check for higher priority processes */ if (higher_priority_task_runnable()) { set_tsk_need_resched(current); } /* Process timers (scheduled delayed work) */ run_local_timers(); /* Profile tick for performance monitoring */ profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING); } /** * The actual context switch happens later, when returning * from the interrupt handler. The kernel checks the * TIF_NEED_RESCHED flag and calls schedule() if set. */ void return_from_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs) { if (user_mode(regs)) { /* Returning to user space - check for pending work */ if (test_thread_flag(TIF_NEED_RESCHED)) { schedule(); /* This performs the actual context switch */ } } }75:T41b,Many context switches occur when a process voluntarily yields the CPU by making a **system call** that cannot complete immediately. This is the most common trigger in I/O-intensive workloads. **The System Call Pathway to Context Switch:** 1. **User Process Issues System Call**: The process executes a blocking operation (e.g., `read()` from a socket with no data available) 2. **Transition to Kernel Mode**: The CPU traps into kernel mode via `syscall` instruction (x86-64) or `int 0x80` (legacy x86) 3. **Kernel Determines Blocking is Required**: The kernel evaluates the request and determines the process cannot proceed yet 4. **Process State Change**: The process is moved from Running to Waiting/Blocked state 5. **Process Added to Wait Queue**: The process is placed on a wait queue associated with the resource (e.g., socket receive queue) 6. **Scheduler Invoked**: The kernel calls `schedule()` to select the next process to run 7. **Context Switch Executes**: The current process's state is saved; another process's state is restored76:T450,/** * Example: How a blocking read() causes a context switch * * This demonstrates the voluntary context switch pathway. */ #include #include #include int main() { int fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDONLY); char buffer[256]; /* * This read() call may block: * * 1. User calls read() - enters kernel via syscall * 2. Kernel checks: is there data in the tty input buffer? * 3. If NO data available: * a. Set current process state to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE * b. Add process to tty wait queue * c. Call schedule() to switch to another process * d. (Current process now sleeps) * 4. Later, when data arrives: * a. tty driver interrupt handler runs * b. Data is placed in buffer * c. Waiting process is woken (moved to Ready state) * 5. Eventually scheduler picks this process again * 6. read() copies data to user buffer and returns */ ssize_t bytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); printf("Read %zd bytes ", bytes); close(fd); return 0; }77:T499,Beyond timer interrupts, many hardware events can indirectly trigger context switches by making sleeping processes runnable. When a device interrupt arrives, it may wake up a process that was waiting for that device, potentially leading to preemption. **The Interrupt-to-Context-Switch Pipeline:** 1. **Hardware Event Occurs**: A hardware device (NIC, disk controller, keyboard) asserts an interrupt line 2. **CPU Responds**: The CPU suspends current execution and vectors to the appropriate interrupt handler 3. **Top-Half Handler Runs**: The interrupt handler performs minimal, time-critical work (e.g., acknowledging the device, reading data into a buffer) 4. **Wake Sleeping Processes**: If a process was waiting for this event, the handler calls `wake_up()` to move it from Waiting to Ready state 5. **Bottom-Half Scheduling**: Deferred work is scheduled (softirqs, tasklets, work queues) 6. **Return from Interrupt**: Before returning to the interrupted process, the kernel checks if the woken process has higher priority 7. **Potential Preemption**: If a higher-priority process is now runnable, the kernel sets the need-resched flag, leading to a context switch78:T89e,/** * Example: How a device interrupt wakes a sleeping process * * This is a simplified version of how network drivers wake * processes waiting on socket receive operations. */ /* Wait queue for processes waiting on this device */ DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(device_wait_queue); volatile int data_ready = 0; /** * Device interrupt handler (Top Half) * Called when hardware asserts interrupt */ irqreturn_t device_interrupt_handler(int irq, void *dev_id) { /* Acknowledge interrupt to hardware */ write_register(DEVICE_ACK, 1); /* Read data from device into kernel buffer */ int bytes = read_from_device(kernel_buffer, BUFFER_SIZE); if (bytes > 0) { /* Mark data as ready */ data_ready = 1; /* * Wake up any processes sleeping on this wait queue. * * wake_up_interruptible() does the following: * 1. Traverse the wait queue * 2. For each waiting task: * a. Change state from TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE to TASK_RUNNING * b. Add task to the run queue * c. If task has higher priority than current, set TIF_NEED_RESCHED */ wake_up_interruptible(&device_wait_queue); } return IRQ_HANDLED; } /** * User-facing read function (called from read() syscall handler) */ ssize_t device_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) { /* * wait_event_interruptible() does the following: * 1. Check condition (data_ready) * 2. If false: * a. Add current task to wait queue * b. Set state to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE * c. Call schedule() -> CONTEXT SWITCH OUT * d. (Later, when woken, continues from here) * e. Remove self from wait queue * f. Check condition again (loop back if still false) * 3. If true: proceed without blocking */ if (wait_event_interruptible(device_wait_queue, data_ready)) { return -ERESTARTSYS; /* Interrupted by signal */ } /* Copy data to userspace */ if (copy_to_user(buf, kernel_buffer, count)) { return -EFAULT; } data_ready = 0; return count; }79:T5f9,/** * Simplified priority preemption check (Linux CFS style) * * This logic runs when a new task becomes runnable. */ /** * Called when a task is woken up or becomes runnable */ void check_preempt_curr(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags) { struct task_struct *current_task = rq->curr; /* * Real-time tasks always preempt normal tasks. * This ensures RT tasks get immediate CPU access. */ if (rt_task(p) && !rt_task(current_task)) { resched_curr(rq); /* Mark current for preemption */ return; } /* * For CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler): * Compare virtual runtimes. A task with less virtual runtime * has had "less than its fair share" and should preempt. */ if (cfs_task(p) && cfs_task(current_task)) { if (p->vruntime + wakeup_preempt_threshold < current_task->vruntime) { /* New task is "more deserving" - preempt current */ resched_curr(rq); } } /* * Note: resched_curr() sets TIF_NEED_RESCHED flag. * The actual context switch happens later, at a safe point. */ } /** * resched_curr() - Mark the current task for rescheduling */ void resched_curr(struct rq *rq) { struct task_struct *curr = rq->curr; /* Set the need-resched flag in the task's thread_info */ set_tsk_need_resched(curr); /* On SMP systems, send an IPI if task is on another CPU */ if (rq != this_rq()) { smp_send_reschedule(cpu_of(rq)); } }7a:T65b,/** * Example: Signal interrupting a blocking system call * * This demonstrates how signals trigger context switches * and interrupt blocking operations. */ #include #include #include #include volatile sig_atomic_t got_signal = 0; void signal_handler(int signo) { got_signal = 1; /* Handler runs in the context of the process that * was interrupted - after it was woken and scheduled */ } int main() { /* Set up signal handler for SIGUSR1 */ struct sigaction sa = { .sa_handler = signal_handler, .sa_flags = 0 /* No SA_RESTART - syscall returns EINTR */ }; sigaction(SIGUSR1, &sa, NULL); printf("PID: %d - sleeping... ", getpid()); /* * sleep() puts the process in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE state. * * If SIGUSR1 is sent to this process: * 1. Kernel checks signal pending mask * 2. Process is moved from Waiting to Ready (context switch IN) * 3. sleep() detects signal pending * 4. Before returning to userspace, kernel invokes signal handler * 5. sleep() returns early with remaining time (or EINTR if nanosleep) */ unsigned int remaining = sleep(3600); /* Request 1 hour sleep */ if (got_signal) { printf("Woken by signal! Slept for %u seconds ", 3600 - remaining); } return 0; } /* * To test: In another terminal, run: * kill -SIGUSR1 * * The sleeping process will wake immediately: * - Context switch from whatever was running to this process * - Signal handler executes * - sleep() returns early */7b:T45b,Although rare in modern programming, a process can explicitly request rescheduling via the `sched_yield()` system call. This is a pure voluntary context switch—the process isn't waiting for anything, but chooses to let other processes run. **When Explicit Yield Is Used:** 1. **Spin-Waiting Optimization**: A process spinning on a condition may yield periodically to avoid wasting CPU 2. **Cooperative Multitasking**: In user-level threading libraries, threads may yield to allow other threads to run 3. **Priority Donation (Informal)**: A low-priority process might yield to let a high-priority process it depends on run 4. **Benchmarking**: Force-yield to test scheduler behavior **Why Explicit Yields Are Generally Discouraged:** In modern preemptive kernels, explicit yields are rarely necessary and often counterproductive: - The scheduler already ensures fairness through preemption - Yields can cause priority inversion if not used carefully - They add overhead without guaranteeing a specific process will run next - Proper blocking (on mutex, condition variable, or I/O) is almost always preferred7c:T67b,/** * Example: Using sched_yield() for spin-wait optimization * * This pattern is used when you must poll but want to be * courteous to other processes. Modern locks (like futex) * are typically preferred. */ #include #include atomic_int shared_flag = 0; void wait_for_flag(void) { int spin_count = 0; while (atomic_load(&shared_flag) == 0) { spin_count++; /* * After spinning a few times, yield to let other * processes run. This prevents this process from * consuming 100% CPU while waiting. * * sched_yield() causes: * 1. Immediate transition from Running to Ready * 2. Scheduler selects next process * 3. Context switch to that process * 4. This process re-enters the run queue * * Note: No guarantee about WHICH process runs next * or WHEN this process will be scheduled again. */ if (spin_count > 100) { sched_yield(); spin_count = 0; } /* Optional: CPU relax instruction for hyperthreading */ __asm__ __volatile__("pause"); } } void set_flag(void) { atomic_store(&shared_flag, 1); } /* * Better alternative: Use proper synchronization primitives * * pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; * pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; * * void wait_for_flag_better(void) { * pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); * while (shared_flag == 0) { * pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex); // Proper blocking * } * pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); * } */46:["$","$L71",null,{"owner":"anonymous","state":{"mutations":[],"queries":[{"dehydratedAt":1792317879721,"state":{"data":{"json":{"archivedAt":null,"id":"seed_37d2f8441071f52e9abfc18043cd1c3b","slug":"operating-systems","title":"Operating Systems","description":"Master Operating Systems from fundamentals to advanced concepts. 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Traditional values were 100 Hz (10ms ticks), but modern systems often use 250, 300, or 1000 Hz. Higher frequencies mean finer-grained preemption but increase interrupt overhead. The Linux \"tickless\" (NO_HZ) kernel can dynamically disable timer ticks on idle CPUs, saving power in data centers and laptops.","variant":"note"},"type":"callout"},{"data":{"content":"**The Time Quantum Concept:**\n\nEach process is assigned a **time quantum** (or time slice)—the maximum amount of CPU time it can use before being preempted. This value is critical:\n\n- **Too short** (e.g., 1ms): Excessive context switches, high overhead, poor throughput\n- **Too long** (e.g., 1 second): Poor interactive responsiveness, apparent system lag\n- **Well-tuned** (e.g., 4-10ms for interactive, 20-100ms for batch): Balance between responsiveness and efficiency\n\nModern systems often use **variable time quanta** based on process priority and behavior. Interactive processes (like GUI applications) receive shorter quanta for responsiveness, while batch processes receive longer quanta for throughput."},"type":"text"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":2},{"id":"system-calls-voluntary-yields","title":"System Calls: The Gateway to Voluntary Context Switches","content":[{"data":{"content":"$75"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"items":["**I/O Operations**: `read()`, `write()`, `sendto()`, `recvfrom()` — When data is not immediately available or buffers are full","**Sleep Functions**: `sleep()`, `nanosleep()`, `usleep()` — Explicit request to yield for a time duration","**Wait Functions**: `wait()`, `waitpid()` — Waiting for child process termination","**Mutex/Semaphore Operations**: `pthread_mutex_lock()`, `sem_wait()` — When lock is held by another thread","**Condition Variables**: `pthread_cond_wait()` — Waiting for a condition to be signaled","**Select/Poll/Epoll**: `select()`, `poll()`, `epoll_wait()` — Waiting for multiple file descriptors","**Futex Operations**: `futex(FUTEX_WAIT)` — Low-level userspace mutex waiting","**Explicit Yield**: `sched_yield()` — Process directly requests rescheduling"],"title":{"icon":"Zap","text":"Common System Calls That Trigger Context Switches","type":"icon","color":"primary","variant":"outline-circle"},"variant":"accent"},"type":"list"},{"data":{"fileName":"blocking_read_example.c","languages":[{"code":"$76","label":"C","value":"c"}],"showLineNumbers":true},"type":"code"},{"data":{"icon":"Lightbulb","title":"Non-Blocking I/O vs. Blocking I/O","content":"Processes can use non-blocking I/O (O_NONBLOCK flag) to avoid context switches. Instead of blocking when data isn't available, the system call returns immediately with EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK. This is the foundation of event-driven architectures (like Node.js or nginx) that minimize context switches by never blocking on I/O. The tradeoff: the application must poll or use epoll/kqueue to know when data is available.","variant":"tip"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":3},{"id":"interrupt-driven-switches","title":"Hardware Interrupts: External Event Triggers","content":[{"data":{"content":"$77"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"rows":[["Network Card","Packet received","Process blocked on recv()","Socket reader becomes runnable"],["Disk Controller","I/O completion","Process blocked on read()","File reader becomes runnable"],["Keyboard","Key pressed","Process blocked on getchar()","Console reader becomes runnable"],["USB Device","Data transfer complete","Process blocked on device read","USB reader becomes runnable"],["Graphics Card","VSync / frame complete","Process blocked on display sync","Graphics app becomes runnable"],["Serial Port","Data received","Process blocked on serial read","Serial reader becomes runnable"]],"caption":"Hardware Interrupts and Their Context Switch Implications","headers":["Device","Interrupt Trigger","Waiting Process","Context Switch Result"]},"type":"table"},{"data":{"fileName":"wake_up_example.c","languages":[{"code":"$78","label":"C (Linux Kernel Style)","value":"c"}],"showLineNumbers":true},"type":"code"},{"data":{"icon":"AlertCircle","title":"Interrupt Context Restrictions","content":"Interrupt handlers run in a special context where sleeping is forbidden. The handler cannot call schedule() directly. Instead, it wakes up processes and sets flags; the actual context switch happens after the interrupt handler returns. This is why kernel code must distinguish between \"can sleep\" and \"cannot sleep\" contexts—a fundamental constraint in kernel development.","variant":"warning"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":4},{"id":"priority-based-preemption","title":"Priority Preemption: Higher Priority Wins","content":[{"data":{"content":"In systems with priority scheduling, a context switch can be triggered immediately when a higher-priority process becomes runnable—even if the current process still has time remaining in its quantum. This is **priority preemption**.\n\n**When Priority Preemption Occurs:**\n\n1. **A High-Priority Process Wakes Up**: An interrupt completes I/O for a high-priority interactive process\n\n2. **A High-Priority Process is Created**: A `fork()` creates a child that inherits high priority\n\n3. **Priority is Elevated**: A process's priority is raised (e.g., via `setpriority()` or priority inheritance)\n\n4. **Real-Time Process Becomes Runnable**: Real-time processes (SCHED_FIFO, SCHED_RR in Linux) preempt normal processes immediately\n\n**The Kernel's Priority Check:**\n\nAt key points (return from interrupt, return to userspace, after wake operations), the kernel compares the current process's priority against the highest-priority runnable process. If a higher-priority process exists, preemption occurs."},"type":"text"},{"data":{"fileName":"priority_preemption.c","languages":[{"code":"$79","label":"C","value":"c"}],"showLineNumbers":true},"type":"code"},{"data":{"items":["**Priority Inversion Problem**: A high-priority task waits on a lock held by a low-priority task, while a medium-priority task runs, indefinitely blocking the high-priority task","**Mars Pathfinder Incident (1997)**: Priority inversion caused system resets on the Pathfinder spacecraft—a famous real-world example of this problem","**Priority Inheritance**: Solution where a low-priority task temporarily inherits the priority of a high-priority task waiting on its lock","**Priority Ceiling**: Alternative where locks have a priority ceiling, and tasks automatically boost to that level when holding the lock"],"title":{"icon":"Target","text":"Priority Inversion and Its Implications","type":"icon","color":"destructive","variant":"outline-circle"},"variant":"glass"},"type":"list"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":5},{"id":"signal-delivery","title":"Signal Delivery: Asynchronous Notifications","content":[{"data":{"content":"Signals in Unix-like systems are asynchronous notifications delivered to processes. Signal delivery can trigger context switches in several ways:\n\n**Signals That Wake Sleeping Processes:**\n\nWhen a signal is sent to a sleeping process (one in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE state), the signal delivery mechanism wakes the process, potentially triggering a context switch:\n\n1. **Sender Sends Signal**: Via `kill()`, `raise()`, or kernel action (e.g., SIGSEGV)\n\n2. **Kernel Queues Signal**: The signal is added to the target process's pending signal set\n\n3. **Process is Woken**: If the process is sleeping in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE state, it is moved to Ready\n\n4. **Scheduler Decides**: The woken process competes for CPU time\n\n5. **Signal Handler Execution**: When the process runs and returns to userspace, the signal handler executes"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"fileName":"signal_wakeup.c","languages":[{"code":"$7a","label":"C","value":"c"}],"showLineNumbers":true},"type":"code"},{"data":{"icon":"Info","title":"TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE vs TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE","content":"Linux distinguishes between TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE (can be woken by signals) and TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE (cannot be woken, even by SIGKILL). Uninterruptible sleep is used for short, critical kernel operations where waking early would corrupt data structures. The infamous 'D' state in `ps` output represents TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE—processes that cannot be killed until their I/O completes.","variant":"note"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":6},{"id":"explicit-yield","title":"Explicit Yield: Process Surrenders Voluntarily","content":[{"data":{"content":"$7b"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"fileName":"sched_yield_example.c","languages":[{"code":"$7c","label":"C","value":"c"}],"showLineNumbers":true},"type":"code"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":7},{"id":"summary-synthesis","title":"Summary: A Complete Taxonomy of Context Switch Triggers","content":[{"data":{"content":"We've examined context switch triggers from multiple angles. Let's synthesize this into a complete reference:"},"type":"text"},{"data":{"rows":[["Timer Interrupt","Involuntary","None (preempted)","Ready","Time slice exhausted"],["Blocking I/O","Voluntary","System call","Waiting","read(), write(), recv()"],["Sleep Request","Voluntary","System call","Waiting","sleep(), nanosleep()"],["Wait for Child","Voluntary","System call","Waiting","wait(), waitpid()"],["Mutex Lock","Voluntary","System call","Waiting","pthread_mutex_lock()"],["Device Interrupt","Involuntary","None (preempted)","Ready","Packet arrives, wakes higher-priority process"],["Signal Delivery","Involuntary","None (woken)","Ready","Signal to sleeping process"],["Priority Preemption","Involuntary","None (preempted)","Ready","Higher-priority process becomes runnable"],["Explicit Yield","Voluntary","System call","Ready","sched_yield()"],["Process Exit","Voluntary","System call","Terminated","exit(), _exit()"]],"caption":"Complete Taxonomy of Context Switch Triggers","headers":["Trigger","Category","Process Action","Result State","Common Scenarios"]},"type":"table"},{"data":{"type":"ordered","items":["**Context switches have definite triggers** — They don't happen randomly; each switch is caused by a specific event or condition","**The timer interrupt enables preemption** — Without it, processes could monopolize the CPU indefinitely","**Blocking system calls are the most common voluntary trigger** — I/O-bound applications generate many voluntary switches","**Hardware interrupts can wake sleeping processes** — Device I/O completion triggers wake-ups and potential preemption","**Priority preemption ensures responsiveness** — High-priority processes can preempt immediately","**Signals provide asynchronous notification** — They can wake sleeping processes and trigger immediate context switches"],"title":{"icon":"CheckCircle","text":"Key Takeaways","type":"icon","color":"primary","variant":"outline-circle"},"variant":"accent"},"type":"list"},{"data":{"icon":"CheckCircle","title":"Page Complete","content":"You now understand the complete landscape of context switch triggers—from timer interrupts to system calls to signal delivery. Next, we'll explore what happens DURING a context switch: how the kernel saves the complete execution state of the outgoing process.","variant":"success"},"type":"callout"}],"titleType":"number","titleNumber":8}],"isLocked":false},{"id":"seed_34fd1ed2a87e9cdc3a82e8c2d50ee163","title":"Saving Context: Preserving Execution State","order":1,"content":null,"isLocked":true},{"id":"seed_105c9d3a7fd505169f5560f365fd73fb","title":"Restoring Context: Resuming Execution","order":2,"content":null,"isLocked":true},{"id":"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418","title":"Context Switch Overhead: The Hidden Performance Cost","order":3,"content":null,"isLocked":true},{"id":"seed_80c4e2833a9a0dde113221d73b90065e","title":"Minimizing Context Switches: Strategies for Performance","order":4,"content":null,"isLocked":true}]}},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792317879623,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["learningContent","getModule"],{"input":{"slug":"context-switching"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"learningContent\",\"getModule\"],{\"input\":{\"slug\":\"context-switching\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792317879745,"state":{"data":{"json":null},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792317879718,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["learningContent","getProgress"],{"input":{"moduleId":"seed_be3122249bdde6545f36d9897008505e"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"learningContent\",\"getProgress\"],{\"input\":{\"moduleId\":\"seed_be3122249bdde6545f36d9897008505e\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792317879745,"state":{"data":{"json":null},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792317879719,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["feedback","get"],{"input":{"contentType":"LEARNING_PAGE","contentId":"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"feedback\",\"get\"],{\"input\":{\"contentId\":\"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418\",\"contentType\":\"LEARNING_PAGE\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792317879745,"state":{"data":{"json":null},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792317879719,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["feedback","getUserLike"],{"input":{"contentType":"LEARNING_PAGE","contentId":"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"feedback\",\"getUserLike\"],{\"input\":{\"contentId\":\"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418\",\"contentType\":\"LEARNING_PAGE\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792317879745,"state":{"data":{"json":[]},"dataUpdateCount":1,"dataUpdatedAt":1792317879719,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"success","fetchStatus":"idle"},"queryKey":[["highlights","getHighlights"],{"input":{"contentType":"LEARNING_PAGE","contentId":"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418"},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"highlights\",\"getHighlights\"],{\"input\":{\"contentId\":\"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418\",\"contentType\":\"LEARNING_PAGE\"},\"type\":\"query\"}]"},{"dehydratedAt":1792317879745,"state":{"data":"$undefined","dataUpdateCount":0,"dataUpdatedAt":0,"error":null,"errorUpdateCount":0,"errorUpdatedAt":0,"fetchFailureCount":0,"fetchFailureReason":null,"fetchMeta":null,"isInvalidated":false,"status":"pending","fetchStatus":"fetching"},"queryKey":[["highlights","getPopularHighlights"],{"input":{"contentType":"LEARNING_PAGE","contentId":"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418","minCount":2},"type":"query"}],"queryHash":"[[\"highlights\",\"getPopularHighlights\"],{\"input\":{\"contentId\":\"seed_90de57d08acd663aadc619b102eef418\",\"contentType\":\"LEARNING_PAGE\",\"minCount\":2},\"type\":\"query\"}]","promise":"$@7d"}]},"children":"$L7e"}]